ARITHMETIC→178f
NAPIER→178
LA TOUCHE→178
WALES→178
PARLETT→178
POSITIONAL NUMBER SYSTEMS→179f
representation of numbers→179f
Radix: base of positional notation→179
decimal digits→179
binary→179
ternary→179
quaternary→179
quinary→179
radix point→179
digits→179
leading digit→179
trailing digit→179
most significant digit→179
least significant digit→179
significant digit→179
binary digits→179
bits→179
hexadecimal digits→179
number systems, primitive→179
Roman numerals→179
sexagesimal→180
floating point→180
Babylonian mathematics→180
Neugebauer,→180
van der Waerden→180
Dresden→180
Knuth,→180
Maya Indians→180
vigesimal number system→180
Thompson,→180
Greek mathematics→180f
abacus→180
decimal notation→181f
Indian mathematics→181
Hindu science→181f
Arabic mathematics→181f
Persian mathematics→181f
al-Khow\A arizm\A \i →181
Leonardo Pisano→181
Fibonacci→181
Smith→181
Ptolemy→181
sexagesimal→181
decimal fractions→181f
Chinese mathematicians→181f
Tsu Chhung-Chih→181
Pi→181
weights and measures→182f
al-Uql\A \i dis\A \i →182
Saidan→182
al-Kash\A \i →182
van Ceulen→182
Rudolff→182
Vi\`ete→182
Stevin→182
Smith,→182
Boyer,→182
binary→182f
Seidenberg→182
number systems, primitive→182
sexagesimal→182
Wallis,→182
Pascal→183
decimal system→183
duodecimal→183
Weigel→183
Jordaine,→183
mixed-radix number systems→183
liquid measure→183
Harriot→183
Raleigh→183
Shirley,→183
Caramuel Lobkowitz→183
ternary→183
quaternary→183
quinary→183
Septenary (radix 7) number system→183
octal number system→183
Nonary (radix 7) number system→183
duodecimal→183
sexagesimal→183
Leibniz→184f
Zacher,→184
Napier→184
local arithmetic→184
abacus→184
Gardner→184
Bernoulli→184
Pi→184
radix conversion→184
Charles XII→184
octal number system→184f
Voltaire→184
Swedenborg,→184
Jones,→184
Phalen,→184
Nystrom→184f
hexadecimal→185f
Taylor→185
Colenne,→185
Mariage,→185
Archibald→185
Peano→185
Bowden→185
Glaser→185
Babbage→185
Analytical Engine→185
Wilkes,→185
Phillips→185
Wales→186
Wynn-Williams→186
Atanasoff→186
Stibitz→186
Couffignal→186
Valtat→186
Schreyer→186
Zuse→186
Stibitz→186
binary-coded-decimal→186
Randell→186
Burks,→186
Goldstine,→186
von Neumann→186
Buchholz→186
{\:tMIX}→186
multiple-precision arithmetic→186
negative numbers, representation of→186f
signed-magnitude representation→186f
minus zero→186
ten's complement notation→186
complement notation→187
nines' complement notation→187
two's complement→187
ones' complement→187
{\:tMIX}→187
radix point→187
radix conversion→188
negative radix→188f
negadecimal→188
Gr\"unwald→188
radix conversion→188
Kempner→188
Pawlak→188
Wakulicz→188
Wadel→188
Knuth→189
quater-imaginary→189
complex radices→189f
Knuth→189
radix conversion→189
Gr\"unwald→189
Penney→189
Farmwald→190
twindragon→190
Gosper→190
Maas→190
balanced ternary number system→190f
trits→190
radix conversion→191
Addition→191
Subtraction→191
multiplication→191
Bachet→192
Fibonacci→192
Ahrens,→192
Bharati→192
Indian mathematics→192
Colson→192
Leslie→192
Cauchy→192
Lalanne→192
Engineering Research Associates→192
SETUN→192
mixed-radix number system→192f
factorial number system→192
weights and measures→193f
Cantor→193
Parry,→193
binomial number system→193
Fibonacci number system→193
phi number system→193
Gray code→193
roman numerals→193
binary→193f
signed magnitude→193f
negabinary→193f
balanced ternary→193f
quater-imaginary→193f
radix, complex→193f
{\:TMIX}→193
radix point→193
nines' complement→194f
ten's complement→194f
complement notations→194f
octal→194
hexadecimal→194
mixed-radix notation→194f
radix conversion→194
decimal system→194f
negadecimal→194
Matula→194f
Shannon→195
balanced-decimal→195
Cook→195
rational number, positional representation of→195
Mendelsohn→195
reversing binary representa\-tion→196
revolving binary representation→196
de Bruijn→196f
binary basis→196
2-adic numbers→197
$p$-adic numbers→197
field→197
square root→197
Ruzsa→197
ternary→197
quinary→197
Klarner→197